Plasticising a blue whale heart
When a whale dies, it becomes a rotting feast for birds and sharks. If it ever happens to reach shore, it’ll likely be in terrible shape. Lucky for mammalogy technicians at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, a blue whale that washed up in Newfoundland in 2014 was in good enough condition that they were able to preserve its 440-pound ticker. “Its sheer size alone accelerates decomposition, so it’s remarkable we got to salvage a heart,” says Jacqueline Miller, who led the first-of-its-kind preservation effort. It recently went on display, and Miller gave us a deep dive into how to plastinate a leviathan organ.
1. Extract: starting at the tail, 10 workers pull back strips of flesh with a hook. Once they reach the heart, they sever the blood vessels, cut open the pericardial sac around the heart and push it out of the rib cage.
2. Dilate: without blood, the heart flattens. So staff pump in more than 700 gallons of formaldehyde, which stiffens the muscles, stops decomposition, and reinflates it.
3. Ship: to Gubener Plastinate in Germany.
4. Plastinate: anatomists soak the heart in acetone, constantly changing out the fluid. Over six months, the acetone replaces all the water molecules in the tissue. Then the magic of plastination happens. Techs soak the heart in a silicone polymer solution and put it in a vacuum chamber. Atmospheric pressure drops to near-outer-space conditions, causing the acetone to bubble away and the polymer to take its place.
5. Cure: a gaseous curing agent hardens the silicone. After three months the heart comes out as a giant plastic glob, resistant to the hands of museumgoers ignoring the do not touch sign. And now it is back on display in Ontario.
From CS No17 August 2017